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Products inserted into shoes with a certain relief, thanks to which the feet are supported in the correct position, are called orthopedic insoles. Our feet are the first area on which heavy loads are detected. They directly contact the support points, contribute to stability and distribute the load on other parts of the musculoskeletal system. When walking for a long time, playing sports, standing work, overstrain of the feet occurs, pathologies develop. Among them: flat feet, valgus deformity of the big toe, tendon damage and even fatigue fractures.
Design and functions of orthopedic insoles
These orthopedic products include: roll zone, instep, indentation under the heel, metatarsal pad, wedge under the heel, whip. The models should provide the muscles, joints and bones of the legs with coordinated work and protect against overloads. It is sometimes advisable to change the functional features of the feet, for this purpose corrective insoles are used. They help eliminate deformities and restore lost abilities. The feet have 2 arches. One is located on the inside, the other is in the front part of the foot. Their task is to soften walking and balance, distribute the load. In people with flat feet, all the weight falls on the joint (ankle, hip) and the spine, which affects the posture. This causes a violation of the locomotor system as a whole. Orthopedic insoles will help to solve this problem, providing cushioning properties and evenly distributing the load on the surface of the feet.
Types of orthopedic products
The following types of insoles are distinguished:
— Individually manufactured;
— For the prevention and treatment of flat feet;
— For children;
— Frames for closed shoes;
— Half-insoles for shoes with heels up to 4 cm;
— Half-insoles for shoes with high heels;
— Summer half-insoles for open shoes, etc.
Products should be made of high-quality, preferably natural materials — leather, suede, cork or polymers, and also exactly match the size of the foot. An incorrectly selected product will not have the proper preventive and therapeutic effect, but on the contrary, it can harm and aggravate the disease.
Is it possible to cure flat feet with orthopedic insoles? 
Correction of static flat feet is possible until the growth of the feet is over. The most effective way is to wear individually made insoles, which take into account all anatomical features and areas that require correction. Thus, they prevent the feet from flattening under the weight of the body, even under heavy loads, accustoming them to a physiologically correct position. Insoles with an instep are placed in shoes with fixation on the rise and a hard back. Their use must be combined with regular exercise classes.
The importance of correction of flat feet in children
In a child, flat feet very often has no clinical manifestations. Not all parents generally consider such a deformity a serious disease. This is due to the fact that many do not realize the consequences of this disease. They think that the maximum that happens is pain when walking or standing for a long time. This opinion is fundamentally wrong, since the flattening of the arches leads to the fact that they cannot perform spring functions and all the return during movement is applied to the joints of the legs and the load on the entire musculoskeletal system increases.
This leads to the following pathological conditions:
• Distortion, diseases of the spine;
• Arthrosis of the joints;
• Intervertebral hernias, osteochondrosis, etc.
It is advisable to start treatment before the age of 12-14, then the chance of getting rid of this disease is quite high.
Do adults need insoles?
Doctors recommend the use of orthopedic products to people of any age if they have:
— Pain syndrome in ischemic lesions, rheumatic diseases, neuropathy of various etiologies;
— Flat feet of any degree;
— Valgus deformity of the thumb (hallux valgus);
— Misalignment of the pelvis with shortening of the limb;
— Clubfoot;
— Scoliosis;
— Varicose veins;
— Diabetes
— Plantar fasciitis;
— Injuries of the spine or lower limbs.
— Pregnancy.
The main functions of products for adults are to support the arches, prevent further deformation, and compensate for the lost cushioning function.
Differences in insoles according to the degree of stiffness
Orthopedic salons offer two types of insoles aimed at different tasks:
1. Models with a rigid frame — designed for people who spend a lot of time on their feet, who experience pain. They are able to prevent the sagging of the vaults. They are used to correct deformations, as a rule, they are inserted into closed or sports shoes.
2. Models with a soft frame (from foamed materials, in particular latex) — recommended for use in women’s shoes, those who wear heels, pregnant women, athletes. They are able to prevent the progression of the disease and provide support for the arch.
Model selection criteria
When buying orthopedic insoles, you should rely on the following criteria:
Purpose — prevention or treatment, degree of the disease;
Support type – for longitudinal, transverse or two vaults;
The degree of rigidity of the instep — plastic frames are used for treatment, foamed latex — for prevention, in model shoes;
The type of model — insole for the entire length of the foot or half insole — suitable for shoes with a narrow or open toe.
The material of the outer covering is genuine leather, cotton, suede, cork, foamed polyethylene with impregnation — for diabetics.
How to wear orthopedic insoles
Start wearing products with a hard instep for 3-4 hours every day until the feet get used to the effect of orthopedic correction, do not use during active sports training during the first week. The feet get used to the models, where foam materials were used to support the arches during production, so you can wear them all day at once. If you will use products for running, more often these are insoles with a plastic frame, start with one kilometer, gradually increasing the distance. It is more difficult to get used to individual insoles, but they provide the best therapeutic effect. If, after 1-1.5 weeks, you continue to feel discomfort, the individual insoles are adjusted by the master.
Where to buy orthopedic insoles
This product is offered in orthopedic salons, pharmacies and stores specializing in medical products. Do not buy orthopedic products in markets, in transitions and other places not provided for such products. In the best case, such insoles, made in an unknown place and by an unknown person, will not be useful. In the worst case, they will worsen the condition — contribute to deformation, due to incorrect modeling of the structure. In specialized retail outlets, products always have quality certificates, a guarantee is issued, and individual insoles can be adjusted several times during wearing.
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